Muslims and non-Muslims alike recognise Ramadan as the most significant and holy time of the Islamic calendar. This sacred month marks a period of fasting, reflection and devotion to Allah (SWT). During the ninth month of the lunar year, Muslims worldwide refrain from eating and drinking between sunrise and sunset, using this time to recite the Qur’an and strengthen their connection to Allah (SWT). While many understand the practice of fasting during Ramadan, fewer people know the complete history behind it. This article will delve into the facts about Ramadan, why Ramadan is celebrated, when Ramadan began, and the significance of Ramadan in history.
To understand the roots of Ramadan, we need to look back to 610 A.D., the momentous year when an Arabian man named Muhammad (PBUH) meditated in the cave of Hira, near Mecca. During this meditation, the angel Jibril visited Muhammad (PBUH) and revealed the first words of what would later be known as the Qur’an, explaining that Allah (SWT) is the one and only God. This marked the beginning of Islam and laid the foundation for the values that define it, including fasting. At this time in Arabia, polytheism was common, but the revelation established a new path cantered on monotheism. This first meeting with Jibril is known as Laylat al-Qadr (the Night of Power), which many believe occurred on the 27th night of the lunar month.
Although some believe that all revelations occurred on Laylat al-Qadr, many Muslims believe the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) continued to receive teachings from Allah (SWT) over a span of 23 years. These revelations included the Five Pillars of Islam, one of which is Sawm, or fasting. This practice laid the groundwork for the holy month, answering the question of why Ramadan is celebrated?
The answer to “when did Ramadan begin?” aligns with the timeline of Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) revelations. Those who believe the revelations occurred over two decades suggest that Sawm and thus Ramadan, became formalised around 622 A.D. At this time, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers were in Medina, where the hot climate influenced the term "Ramadan," meaning "burning heat." This historical aspect of Ramadan provides a meaningful backdrop for its observance.
As observed today, Ramadan honours the fourth pillar of Islam, Sawm, or fasting, which encourages Muslims to practice self-control, gratitude and compassion. Through these teachings, Muslims commemorate the history of Ramadan and the importance of Ramadan fasting by refraining from food and water during daylight hours. The month reminds them of the value of self-discipline, a core reason for Ramadan's place in history.
While Ramadan is a vital part of Islamic practice, exceptions are made for those unable to fast due to health or age. These individuals are required to pay Fidyah instead. Additionally, all Muslims are encouraged to give Zakat and Fitrana, an act that has historical roots in early Ramadan practices.
Traditionally, Muslims break their fast with dates, a custom linked to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). This gesture is symbolic, tying modern observance back to the original practices, further emphasising Ramadan's historical significance.
If you’d like to discover more about the significance, beginning and customs of Ramadan, feel free to consult an Imam or visit our Ramadan information page.
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